[Human Genome Project:

[Human Genome Project:

The Human Genome Project (human genome project, HGP) by the United States in 1985, scientists first proposed in 1990 formally activated. United States, the United Kingdom, the Republic of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan and Chinese scientists has been involved in the total value of 3 billion US dollars of the Human Genome Project. The scheme aims to more than 3 billion base pairs that constitute the precise sequencing of the human genome, and found that all human genes and make clear its position on the chromosome, all in deciphering the human genetic information. Manhattan and the Apollo moon-landing plan and plans and called the three major scientific project.

June 26, 2000, to participate in the human genome project in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Republic of France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Japan and China together scientists of the six countries that the draft human genome mapping has been completed. Map calls for completion of the final sequence can be used in cloning often faithfully represent chromosome genome structure, sequence error rate less than 1 in 10,000. 95% chromatin regions are often sequenced, each less than 150 kb Gap. Completed plans will be completed in 2003, two years earlier than expected.

United States and British scientists May 18, 2006 in the United Kingdom "Nature" magazine published on the Internet version of the last of the human chromosomes - 1 gene of chromosome sequencing.

In all 22 pairs of human chromosomes often, the gene on chromosome 1 contains the largest number to 3141, is twice the average level, a total of more than 223 million base pairs right, the greatest difficulty deciphering. A 150 British and American scientists took a team of 10, was completed on the 1st of chromosome sequencing work.

Scientists announced that more than once the completion of the human genome project, but not all were launched this, this time fixing the "book of life" more precise, covering the human genome 99.99%. Interpretation of the human genetic code, "a book of life," declared completed, lasted 16 human genome project finished writing the final chapter.

History of the development of DNA

DNA is the 1944 Avery discovered by the Americans. Professor Crick in 1953 to map out the DNA double helix structure. 1985 Alec Jeffreys of Leicester University, and professor of human invention of the use of DNA to identify solutions. DNA since start of 1988 in the administration of justice. July 29, 1994, French law provides for the use of genetic markers conditions.

According to scientific analysis, each individual has 400 trillion cells (skin, muscle, nerve, etc.), in addition to human red blood cells, all cells have 46 chromosomes from a composition of the nucleus DNA from chromosome itself is a silk chromosome, which Chromosome silk in all cells is the same. DNA from known as A (adenine), T (thymine), G (guanine) and C (cytosine) nucleic acid composition, it is they constitute our human genes. According to DNA it can be concluded between the two generations of people who have genetic relationship as a child always from the fathers and mothers who receive half of the genetic material. Scientists also study the DNA target on identifying genes causing people to fall ill origin, in order to better understand the future, treatment and prevention of hazards to human health of diseases.

DNA credibility? Chromosome whether two people will be similar? According to scientific experiments, and such a possibility only 1/10000000. However, in the course of all errors will be possible, mainly in the extraction and testing of specimens, specimens may also be another person's DNA contamination. In order to ensure the reliability of DNA must be extracted samples and laboratory analysis of strict checks. Now, as a result of the genome sequence of the new development plan and equipment, not only can avoid possible mistakes, but also greatly accelerate the speed of the DNA test.